Henry Fayol

Henry Fayol is the one of the most influential theoretician of twenty century and also French minor engineer. He determines the five primary functions of management:

1-planning
2-organizing
3-commanding
4-coordinating activities
5-controlling performance

He is known as the father of modern operational management theory. He is associated with Frederick Winslow Taylor about the modern management concepts. However, there is a important difference between Taylor’s and Fayol’s perspective. As Taylor approaches to the management process from bottom up, Fayol approaches to the management process from up bottom. Fayol criticizes the Taylor’s staff analysts and advisors working with individual in functional management. According to the Fayol, each worker are ordered eight bosses without direction; (1) route clerks, (2) instruction card men, (3) cost and time clerks, (4) gang bosses, (5) speed bosses, (6) inspectors, (7) repair bosses, and the (8) shop disciplinarian.

At his book, published 1917, Administration industrielle et générale, Fayol determines 14 management principles:

1. Specialization of labour. Specializing encourages continuous improvement in skills and the development of improvements in methods.
2. Authority. The right to give orders and the power to exact obedience.
3. Discipline. No slacking, bending of rules. The workers should be obedient and respectful of the organization.
4. Unity of command. Each employee has one and only one boss.
5. Unity of direction. A single mind generates a single plan and all play their part in that plan.
6. Subordination of Individual Interests. When at work, only work things should be pursued or thought about.
7. Remuneration. Employees receive fair payment for services, not what the company can get away with.
8. Centralization. Consolidation of management functions. Decisions are made from the top.
9. Chain of Superiors (line of authority). Formal chain of command running from top to bottom of the organization, like military
10. Order. All materials and personnel have a prescribed place, and they must remain there.
11. Equity. Equality of treatment (but not necessarily identical treatment)
12. Personnel Tenure. Limited turnover of personnel. Lifetime employment for good workers.
13. Initiative. Thinking out a plan and do what it takes to make it happen.
14. Esprit de corps. Harmony, cohesion among personnel. It's a great source of strength in the organisation. Fayol stated that for promoting esprit de corps, the principle of unity of command should be observed and the dangers of divide and rule and the abuse of written communication should be avoided.

References

Genel ve endüstriyel yönetim H. Fayol

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Fayol

http://www.12manage.com/methods_fayol_14_principles_of_management.html