WHAT IS A PROBLEM?

Problem is a thing that creates difficulty and uncertainty. Problem is a situation which should be solved because of creating difficulty and uncertainty. Moreover, a problem prevents or complicates reaching the target.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem

WHAT DOES METHOD MEAN?

The word “method “has a Greek origin. It is synthesis of “meta” and “od”; “meta” means right and “od” means way. It is the route which is used to reach the desired aim. Method is the systematically planning way. And also, there can be many technique to solve the problem; method is one of these technique.

http://www.answers.com/topic/method?cat=technology

WHAT DOES METHODOLOGY MEAN?

Methodology consists of three main steps:

· To gather data and information

· To analyze the data and information gathered

· To identify the method

Methodology analyzes the methods and relationships between the methods. It develops new methods.

http://irn.uit.tufts.edu/research_planner/documents/6/methodology_tips.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodology

WHAT DOES THEORY MEAN?

Theory is deep rooted hypothesis. (In the below, mean of hypothesis will be explain.) A theory is accepted when it is verified multiple times by objective some researchers. One scientist can not a theory. Theory is only developed by scientific method. At this point, development of theory is consist of some steps. These steps are determining the problem, observation, hypothesis, test, publication, verification. After these steps, theory exists if it is consistent with hypothesis. If it is not, hypothesis is changed. Theory can be changeable, although; it is proved with experiments, data and observations. Theory is theory and is not changeable as long as there is no better rival.

http://wilstar.com/theories.htm

http://www.toplumdusmani.net/modules/wordbook/entry.php?entryID=240

WHAT DOES HYPOTHESIS MEAN?

In scientific method, after determining the problem, the situation hypothesizes with the observations and research in order to solve the problem. Hypothesis must be consistent with all data. Hypothesis is suitable to predict the new facts. It consists of solution to the problem. And also, it must be testable by new experiments and observations. The most important part of scientific method is hypothesis. This is because, it has probable three results.

· If it is proved and verified by observations and experiments, this becomes fact.

· If it is supported with new facts, it can be theory or law.

· If it is disproved, it is discarded.

In scientific method, it is too important to find true way.

http://wilstar.com/theories.htm

http://www.toplumdusmani.net/modules/wordbook/entry.php?entryID=240

WHAT DOES PARADIGM MEAN?

Although it has many means, According to Thomas Kunn who give this word contemporary meaning, paradigm is beliefs, rules, values and conceptual-experimental organs which are used by define scientific method to cross-question the nature and to find relations between things. Paradigm is not cumulative, on the contrary; it develops with demolition and has revolutional and jumping process in the permutation terms. A paradigm is demolished by another better paradigm when a paradigm cannot solve the problems generally. However, a paradigm is not a mechanism which solves all problems; it ignores some problems up to increasing the problems seriously. Paradigm is template which shows how can approach the situation. Paradigm is like glasses. In addition, individual can comment the events with easiness and scantiness of the glasses.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm

http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma

http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma

WHAT IS STRATEGY?

The origin of word, “strategy” is military and means planning and management of military operation which is aimed to be successful. Planning and result are important parts of event. In general, strategy is a thing that consists of whole tactics in the way through the final victory. Strategy directs the actions when it plans the actions. Strategy is not developed according to insufficiency of us. It is also based on the insufficiencies and predictions of competitors’ actions. A strategist should have a big mouth, a big nose, big ears and big eyes to approach the problems effectively. All senses of strategist always should be open to gain advantage from his competitors’ weakness. Strategy can be explain better when it associates with game theory. A game consists of players, strategies and utility function. Utility function is expected profit or loss function by every player. Players choose suitable strategy according to their utility function. At this point, ever time strategy is not one. And also, game does not finish all time in favor of one player; it can provide profit to both players. At this point, the thing that manipulates the game is strategy.

http://www.canaktan.org/yonetim/stratejik-yonetim/strateji-kavrami.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy

http://www.toplumdusmani.net/modules/wordbook/entry.php?entryID=1895

WHAT IS PLAN?

Plan is design for business to achieve. Before the business is done, plan is prepared to show how to do the business. The aim of planning is to determine the lower cost, the most effective and efficient way for action which will be done. The plan is process of decisions which are practiced in the future to achieve the goals.

http://www.odevsel.com/egitim/2304/plan-nedir-yapilacak-bir-array-isin-onceden-tasarlanmasidir-neyi-ne-zaman.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan

WHAT IS CONTROL?

Control is the function to direct or manage. The aim of control is preventing the problems in the process. As a management function, control sets standards, measures actual performance and takes corrective action. Control is the main step after planning and strategy.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control

http://www.brainyquote.com/words/co/control147765.html

WHAT IS MODEL?

The etymologic origin of model is French word “modéle”. Model can be define as active or inactive prototype which is miniaturized. Another definition of model (is important) is expression of facts related to physical life with meaningful symbols. And also, model is idealization of fact and reduced confusion to simply, -in other words- simplification. When composing the model, there are some assumptions which ignore some facts. Therefore, a model never satisfies fact completely. However, to reach the fact, modeling is certainly necessary. When other things are constant, the thing which is investigated is variable. This method is called ceteris paribus and also important technique of modeling and analyses.

WHAT IS SNOWBALL EFFECT?

Snowball effect is becoming larger increasingly of insignificant and small things. This effect can be dangerous and also can be beneficial. There is an analogy with rolling and gaining volume snowball.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowball_effect

WHAT IS WATERFALL DIAGRAM?

Waterfall model is also called the linear sequential model or the software life cycle. It can be defined as a paradigm to approach the problems. It consists of these steps in the waterfall diagram.Waterfall diagram is at below.

http://scitec.uwichill.edu.bb/cmp/online/cs22l/waterfall_model.htm

WHAT DOES VALIDATION/VALIDITY MEAN?

Validation is the test of validity. It consists of a process of testing the systems, devices or methods to show that they are suitable or not. Validity is the best approximation to the truth of a given proposition, inference, or conclusion. Measures, designs and samples do neo have validity. However, we can say that a measure produces valid conclusions.

http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/introval.php

WHAT DOES SIGNIFICIANCE MEAN?

In English general mean of significance is important. However, in statistic –I think that this mean is important for us- significance is probably truth (not depend on chance).

http://www.surveysystem.com/signif.htm

WHAT DOES RELIABILITY MEAN?

Reliability is the probability of process that a system or a component will work without error until certain time t. And also, it is called as the consistency of measure. To say that a thing has reliability, the results we have should be approximately the same.

http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/reliable.php

WHAT DOES RELEVANCE/RELEVANT MEAN?

Relevance is the relationship between the issues which are in given information or other things. And also, relevance consists of characteristics which are pertinent, connected and applicable. In other words, it is a measure of how closely a given object. According this points, also relevant is pertinent, connected and applicable.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance

WHAT IS AN EVENT?

Event is the occurrence which happens at a certain time and place.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_chain_methodology

WHAT IS A PROCCESS?

Process is the chain of activities which are have the common aim. It can also be defined as a changes of properties sequentially when trying to reach the result. In process, the result of one event can be reason of other events.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process

http://oeas.ucf.edu/process_analysis/what_is_pa.htm

WHAT IS A LIFE-CYCLE?

Life-cycle can be thought as a process which is from cradle to grave of products and services. It consists of whole period of a thing from the instant when it starts to instant when it ends.

WHAT DOES ITERATIVE MEAN?

It can be easy to explain and understand the meaning of iterative after knowing the iteration means. Iteration is an approach to solving the problem. And also, it is process which goes forward by improving, modernizing and correcting itself in each step. According this, iterative uses the iterations. It tries to reach the final product by improving, modernizing and correcting.

WHAT DOES SEQUENTIAL MEAN?

Sequential is in order. If the thing is sequential, you cannot pass though to third stage before second stage. If the things are sequential, they have relevance between them.

http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072822732/student_view0/chapter9/key_terms.html

CORRELATE BEAUTIFUL VS. KITSCH PICTURE TAKING EXERCISE WITH “DATA COLLECTION”, “OBSERVATION”, “ABSTRACTION” AND “AWARENESS”.

There is very close relationship between these issues: data collection, observation, abstraction and awareness. They can be explained easily with analogy between process of beautiful vs. kitsch photos. In the process of taking photos, I defined how I should take photos and the desired photos should be firstly. After I decided how the photos should be, I started to observe all around of campus carefully. This step was observation. Then, according my observations, I took many photos. This step was the data collection. However, I had a lot of photos of campus and I had to choose two photos which are really beautiful and kitsch. Finally, I choose the photos which I thought suitable –it was too hard for me-. This step was abstraction. The homework of taking beautiful and kitsch photos from campus was good for me. This is because, I became more carefully individual and I saw the things which I did not realized. Awareness was necessary and vital for this process. And also, this process gives me more awareness. I think that there is an dialectic relationship between awareness and this process. Awareness was not only necessarily of this process and also result of this process.

beautiful vs. kitsch on the campus

What Engineers Do?

Engineers apply the theories and principles of science and mathematics to the economical solution of practical technical problems. Often their work is the link between a scientific discovery and its application. In addition to design and development, many engineers work in testing, production or maintenance. They supervise production in factories, determine the causes of breakdowns, and test manufactured products to maintain quality. They also estimate the time and cost to complete projects. Some work in management or sales where an engineering background enables them to discuss technical aspects of a product and assist in planning its installation or use.

References

http://www.teachingtools.com/Slinky/engineers.html